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1 - A Comparative Study of Regulating the Filtering of Cyberspace in the US, the EU and China; Proposals for Policymaking in Iran https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_64638.html 10.22059/jcss.2017.238999.1008 1 The crucial role of cyberspace attracted the special attention of the governments in different countries, which consider it both as a challenge and an opportunity. One of the key policies and preventive measures adopted concerning the challenges posed by the cyberspace is it regulation. In fact, there are only a few states have not taken any steps in regulating their cyberspace. This paper seeks to demonstrate a set of policy proposals for the Islamic Republic of Iran through the study of three leading but different precedents in regulating the cyberspace, including the United States, the European Union, and China. This study employs a descriptive-analytical model, which recommends placing the main investment in and concentration on the final user, employing economic strategies, special attention to governmental and public institutions, prioritizing content removal over blocking, negotiating an agreement with foreign service providers, drafting a content rating system, and using international capacities for cooperation. Accordingly, the final policy proposals for the Islamic Republic of Iran would be decentralization, user-oriented decisions, prioritizing removal over blocking, and monitoring over filtering. 0 - 1 28 - - Hassan Bashir Professor, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran Iran bashir@isu.ac.ir - - Mohammad Sadegh Nasrollahi Assistant Professor, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran Iran m.nasrollahi@isu.ac.ir cyberspace Filtering Internet monitoring regulating Regulation Surveillance virtual space Ameli, S.R. (2011) Rooykarde dofazaei be asibha, jarayem, ghavanin va siasathaye fazaye majazi [dual-spacization approach toward harms, offences, laws and policies of Iran’s cyberspace]. Tehran: Amirkabir Publications.##Amn Afzar Gostar Sharif Service Provider (2008a). [Comparative studies in other countries’ approach toward internet regulation] (Phase 1, Vol. 1, Report 2). Tehran: Iran Telecommunications Research Center.##Amn Afzar Gostar Sharif Service Provider (2008b). [Legal status and challenges regulating the internet in national and international levels] (Phase 1, Vol. 2, Report 2). Tehran: Iran Telecommunications Research Center.##Ansari, B. (2011). Hoghoghe ertebate jamei [Mass Communications Law]. Tehran: Samt Publication. ##Balkin, J.M., Noveck, B.S., & Roosevelt, K. (1999). Filtering the internet: A best practices model. The Information Society Project at Yale Law School.##Child Online Protection Act (COPA) (H.R.3783). (1998). Retrieved from Library of Congress website: https://www.congress.gov/bill/105th-congress/house-bill/3783.##Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA). (2000). Retrieved from https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/childrens-internet-protection-act.##Costello, R.B. (1992). Random House Webster's college dictionary. New York, NY: Random House.##Deibert, R., Palfrey, J., Rohozinski, R., Zittrain, J., & Stein, J.G. (2008). Access denied: The practice and policy of global internet filtering. Mit Press.##Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). (1998). Retrieved from https://www.copyright.gov/legislation/dmca.pdf##Electronic Commerce Directive. (2000). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32000L0031##Frybman, B., Hennebel, L., & Lewkowicz, G. (2008). Rahbordhay dolati baray samandehi moshtarake internet dar Amrika, Oroopa va Chin. [Public Strategies for Internet Co-regulation in the United States, Europe and China]. (M. A. Nouri, Trans.). Law Information Journal, 6(14), pp. 171-188.##Illegal and harmful content on the Internet. (1996). Retrieved from http://aei.pitt.edu/5895/1/5895.pdf##Jalali Farahani, A.H. (2007). [Taamoli bar filtering (motaleye tatbighi sayer keshvarha). A Review of Filtering (A comparative study on other countries)] (8442 Vol. 2). Tehran: Iran Parliament Research Center. “Studies on Communications and New Technologies”. Retrieved from http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/734106.##Rouzbahani, M.R. (2014). Jaygahe feghhi va hoghooghie filtering (mahdoodiat) dar rasanehaye majazi az didgahe mazahebe khamse [Filtering in Virtual Media from Legal and Jurisprudence Perspectives]. Tehran: Ketab Ava.##Summers, D. (2003). Longman dictionary of contemporary English. Essex: Pearson.##USA Patriot Act. (2001). Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm##Wehmeier, S. (Ed.). (2005). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English: AS Hornby. Oxford University.##The voluntary Public Pledge of Self-Discipline for the China Internet Industry. Communications Decency Act (CDA). (1996). Retrieved from https://internetlaw.uslegal.com/free-speech/the-communications-decency-act-of-1996/.##

1 - Rearticulating Internet Literacy https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_64646.html 10.22059/jcss.2018.245833.1012 1 As a simple explanation, Internet literacy is a capability constitutive to utilizing the advantages of the Internet. But, due to the constant changes of digital technologies, what kinds of necessary capabilities are required to gain the advantages? In fact, more than focusing on the essential capabilities to benefit users from the Internet advantages, existing perceptions of Internet literacy have caused the misuse of large digital companies from users’ abilities. Due to the increasing importance of data economics, privacy, and cybersecurity, a critical review of Internet literacy has become a necessity. Based on the emerging of such new critical features of internet environment, this paper proposes a new articulation of Internet literacy. Following a review and analysis of the existing notions and classifications of Internet literacy and using grounded theory method, the article concludes by suggesting a rearticulated version of Internet literacy. The new classification is established based on the 3 main components including responsibility, productivity, and interactivity; 9 main categories, and 43 subcategories. The four critical, analytical, operational, and informational crossover components are also taken into account. 0 - 29 53 - - Alfred Thomas Bauer Institut fuer Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft, Universität Wien, Österreich Iran thomas.bauer@univie.ac.at - - Ebrahim Mohseni Ahooei PhD Student, Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Austria and Senior Researcher at Cyberspace Research Policy Center, University of Tehran, Iran Iran emohseni@ut.ac.ir Internet literacy responsibility productivity interactivity Acquisti, A.; John, L. & Loewenstein, G. (2013). What Is Privacy Worth? 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Guilford Press.##Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (2004). Information literacy: Definition. London: CILIP. Retrieved April 11, 2017, online from https://www.cilip.org.uk/research/topics/information-literacy##Chung, A. M, Gill, I. B., & O'Byrne, I. (2017). Web Literacy 2.0. Retrieved April 10, 2017, online at https://mozilla.github.io/content/web-lit-whitepaper/#introduction##Collins, H. (2001). Corporate Portals: Revolutionizing Information Access to Increase Productivity and Drive the Bottom Line. New York: AMACOM.##Cope, B. & Kalantzis, M. (Eds.) (2000). Multiliteracies: Literacy and the design of social futures. London: Routledge.##De Castell, S. & Luke, A. (1986). Models of literacy in North American schools: Social and historical conditions and consequences‖. In De Castell, Suzanne; Luke, Allan; & Egan, Kieran (Eds.). Literacy, society, and schooling. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 87-109.##Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. Sage Publications.##Eisenberg, M.B., Lowe, C.A. & Spitzer, K.L. (2004). Information literacy: essential skills for the information age, 2nd ed. Westport, Connecticut: Libraries Unlimited.##Eriksson, S. & Reinsjö, A. (2016). The Success Factors of a Technical Exhibition: A study to investigate the design aspects of an exhibition. Master’s thesis in Applied Information Technology, Department of Applied Information Technology, Chalmers University of Technology.##Eshet-Alkali, Y. & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2004). Experiments in Digital Literacy. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(4): 421-429.##Estes, J. S. (2015). A Call for Teacher Preparation Programs to Model Technology Integration into the Instructional Process. In J. Keengwe. Handbook of Research on Educational Technology Integration and Active Learning (p. 62-77). Hershey: IGI Global.##Estes, J. S. (2017).Teacher Preparation Programs and Learner-Centered, Technology-Integrated Instruction. In J. Keengwe. & J. Onchwari (Editors). Handbook of Research on Learner-Centered Pedagogy in Teacher Education and Professional Development (p. 85-103). Hershey: IGI Global.##Fabbro, E. (2009). Information Literacy. In P. L. Rogers, G. A. Berg, J. V. Boettcher, C. Howard, L. Justice and K. D. Schenk, Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition (Volume 4) (p. 1178-1182). California: Information Science Reference.##Farmer, L. S. J. (2011). How Adults Learn Through Information Technologies. In V. C. X. Wang. Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technologies and Adult Education Integration (p. 17-36). Hershey: IGI Global.##Farmer, L. S. & Henri, J. (2008). Information literacy assessment in K-12 settings. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.##Fuji, K. & Yoshida, F. (2015). Mobile Phone-Related Behaviors and Problems in Japan. In Z. Yan. Encyclopedia of Mobile Phone Behavior (p. 1079-1088). Hershey: IGI Global.##Gee, J. P. (1996). Social linguistics and literacies. 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IGI Global Publication.##Kaiser Family Foundation (2003). Key Facts: Media literacy. Retrieved April 12,  2017, online at https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/key-facts-media-literacy.pdf##Keith J Topping, K. J. & Mckenna, M. C. (1999). Introduction to Electronic Literacy – Part 1, Reading & Writing Quarterly, 15(2): 107-110.##Kim, E. & Yang, S. (2016). Internet literacy and digital natives’ civic engagement: Internet skill literacy or Internet information literacy?, Journal of Youth Studies, 19 (4): 438-456. DOI: 10.1080/13676261.2015.1083961##Kim, E. (2011). Is Internet Literacy Inherited from Parent to Children? Journal of Korean Society for Journalism and Communication Studies, 55(2): 155–177.##Klein, M. (2005). Responsibility. In Honderich, Ted. Oxford Companion to Philosophy.##Koren, N. (2014). An Intimate Look at the Rise of Data Totalitarianism(reviewing Dave Eggers, the Circle (. Retrieved 11 10, 2015, from Cyber Law JOTWELL: http://cyber.jotwell.com/an-intimate-look-at-the-rise-of-data-totalitarianism/##Leadbeater, C. (2009). We-Think: Mass Innovation, Not Mass Production. London: Profile Books.##Yuping, L, & Shrum, L. J. (2002). What is Interactivity and is it always Such a Good Thing? Implications of Definition, Person, and Situation for the Influence of Interactivity on Advertising Effectiveness, Journal of Advertising, 31(4): 53-64.##Livingstone, S. (2004). Media Literacy and the Challenge of New Information and Communication Technologies. The communication Review, 7:3-14.##Livingstone, S. (2009). Children and the Internet. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.##Livingstone, S.; Bober, M. & Helsper, E. (2005). Internet literacy among children and young people: Findings from the UK children Go Online project. London: London School of Economics and Political Science.##Martin, A. & Grudziecki, J. (2006). DigEuLit: concepts and tools for digital literacy development. 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1 - Topographies of Hate: Islamophobia in Cyberia https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_64647.html 10.22059/jcss.2018.241160.1011 1 Islamophobia’s occurrence in any particular country has little do with the presence of Muslim; it is possible to be Islamophobic when there are virtually no Muslim around. This because the lack of Muslims is filled by the surplus of Islamophobic representations. This surplus of representations is now increasingly reliant on the internet. There are many studies reporting on Islamophobia on the internet, classifying the negative representations, the targeted acts of aggressive online behaviour (trolling) against Muslims. These studies are basically taxonomies, and they share this feature with general literature on Islamophobia, which is concerned with reporting instances of Islamophobia empirically with little time spent on its theorisation. Such an understanding of Islamophobia implies that it is simply dismissed as being a matter of prejudice, bias, and closed views. A Critical Muslim Studies understanding of Islamophobia developed initially in the collected volume Thinking Through Islamophobia (2010), and then subsequent publications shift the focus away positivism to decolonial discourse theory. Using decolonial discourse theory, this study will how online Islamophobia is not just a distortion of Islam, or hatred of Muslims but rather it main vectors for denying Muslim political consciousness. 0 - 55 73 - - Salman Sayyid School of Sociology and Social Policy University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Iran s.sayyid@leeds.ac.uk Critical Muslim Studies cyberspace the internet Islamophobia spatialization Buzan, B., & Little, R. (2000) International Systems in World History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.##Choucri, N. (2012). Cyberpolitics and International Relations. Boston: MIT Press.##Devetak, R. (1995). Theories and practices of statecraft. in MacMillan, John, and Andrew Linklater (Editors). Boundaries in Question: New Directions on International Relations, London: Bloomsbury Press.##Dikötter, F. (2008). The racialization of the globe: an interactive interpretation. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 31(8).##Diouf, S. (1998). Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas. New York: New York University Press.##Douhet,  Giulio (2009), The Command of The Air. translated by Dino Ferrari, Tuscaloosa, Alabama:  University of Alabama Press.##Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.##Goldberg, D.Th. (2009). Racial comparisons, relational racisms: some thoughts on method. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 32(7).##Goodman, D. (1994). The republic of letters. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.##Greathouse, C.B. (2014). Cyber war and strategic thought: Do the classic theorists still matter?, in Kremer, Jan-Fredrick and Benedikt Müller (eds.), Cyberspace and International Relations, Heidelberg and New York: Springer, pp. 22-40.##Jordan, P., & Taylor, A. (2004). Hacktivism and Cyberwars Rebels with a cause? London: Routledge.##Kosmin, P. (2014). The Land of the Elephant Kings. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.##Kremer, J.F., & Müller, B. (eds.) (2014). Cyberspace and International Relations. Heidelberg and New York: Springer. ##Lean, N. (2012). The Islamophobia Industry, London: Pluto Press.##Massey, D. (1992). Politics and Space-Time. New Left Review, 196, 84.##Mehta, U.S. (1999). Liberalism and Empire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.##Mouffe, Ch. (2005). On the Political. London: Routledge.##Al-Musawi, M. (2015). The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters. Notre Dame, India: University of Notre Dame Press.##Sayyid, S. (2016). Normalizing Islamophobia-Anadolu Agency. http://aa.com.tr/en/analysis-news/opinion-normalizing-islamophobia/580967.##Sayyid, S. (2015). A Fundamental Fear. 3rd edition, London: Zed Press.##Sayyid, S. (2014) Recalling the Caliphate. Oxford, Oxford University Press.  ##Sayyid, S., & Vakil, A. (eds) (2010). Thinking Through Islamophobia. New York: Columbia University Press.##Scott, J. (2010). The Art of Not Being Governed. Newhaven: Yale University Press.##Soja, E. (1980). The Socio-Spatial Dialectic. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70, 208.##Yang, A., & Self, Ch. (2015). Anti-Muslim prejudice in the virtual space: A case study of blog network structure and message features of the ‘Ground Zero mosque controversy. Media, War & Conflict, 8(1), 46-69.##

1 - Semiotic Approach to Globalization: Living in a World of Glocal Things https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_64633.html 10.22059/jcss.2017.232442.1004 1 This paper is an effort to discuss the concept of glocalization from a semiotic point of view. In order to carry out a semiotic analysis of globalization or glocalization, first globalization needs to be defined from a semiotic perspective. Therefore, first an explanation of globalization and glocalization in semiotic terms is provided. Some believe the ongoing process in the world cannot be best described as globalization and it should be called glocalization. According to this approach, the ongoing universal process is a combination of globalization and localization leading to new diversities, not uniformity. With a structuralist approach to semiotics a better understanding is gained on how glocalization may affect the world in which we are living. After a theoretical argument on the semiotic definition of globalization and glocalization, the results of a number of in-depth interviews with people who have experienced living in two different cultures will be analyzed in a qualitative method to provide further insight on how glocalization might work. 0 - 75 88 - - Shaho Sabbar Assistant Professor, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran shaho_sabbar@yahoo.com - - Somayeh Dalvand M.A in Social Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran dsdalvand@gmail.com Code Globalization glocalization Semiotics Typology Ameli, S.R. (2004). Globalizations: concepts and theories. Arghanoon Monthly, 24, 1-58.##Ameli, S.R. (2003). Two globalizations and the future of the world. The Monthly Book of Social Sciences, 69 & 70, 15-28.##Barber, B.R. (1992). Jihad vs. McWorld. The Atlantic, 269(3).##Beyer, P. (2007). Globalization and Glocalization. The SAGE Handbook of the Sociology of Religion, Edited By James A Beckford, Jay Demerath, SAGE Publication, pp. 98- 115.##Chandler, D. (2007). Semiotics: The Basics. Second Edition, Taylor & Francis.##Festinger, L. (1962). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Vermont: Stanford University Press.##Gramigna, R. (2013). The place of language among systems: Juri Lotman and Emile Benveniste. Sign System Studies, 41(2/3), 339-354.##Holdcroft, D. (1991). Saussure: Signs, System and Arbitrariness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.##Kane, D. (2006). The Chinese Language: Its History and Current Usage. Vermont: Tuttle Publishing.##Lucy, N. (2001). Beyond Semiotics: Text, Culture and Technology. London: Continuum.##Mele, C. (1996). Globalization, culture, and neighborhood change, reinventing the lower east side of New York. Urban Affairs Review, 32(1), September.##Nöth, W. (1995). Handbook of Semiotics.Bloomington: Indiana University Press.##Ritzer, G. (2003). Rethinking Globalization: Glocalization/Globalization and Something/Nothing. Socioloquical Theory, 21)3(, 193-209.##Robertson, R. (1995) Glocalization: Time-space and Homogeneity- heterogeneity. London: Sage Publications.##Turner, B. (1993). Citizenship and Social Theory. London: Sage Publications.##

1 - The Perception of Usefulness: Iranian Customers’ Evaluation of Customer Reviews https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_64634.html 10.22059/jcss.2017.236381.1006 1 Over the last decade, the retail industry has had a phenomenal growth. All figures show their success and efficiency and many studies have shown the role of customer reviews in encouraging ambivalent purchasers to buy items online. There have been numerous studies on why people read and trust these comments and taking for granted the important role of customer reviews in determining buying decision, this study endeavors to identify and explain the different factors involved in making a comment “useful.” We took an Iranian retail website and collected comments on perceived “usefulness” of each review. Our results showed that perceived level of usefulness was related to the word count of the comments, personal experience of the writer with the product, emotional description of the product, and mentioning the strength/weakness points of the product. 0 - 89 102 - - Ehsan Shahghasemi Assistant Professor, Department of Communication, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran shahghasemi@ut.ac.ir - - Mojtaba Hajijafari Senior Researcher, Center for Cyberpolicy Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran mojtaba.hajijafari@gmail.com - - Maysam Shirzadifard PhD Candidate, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran m.shirzadi@ut.ac.ir - - Mostafa Ahmadzadeh PhD, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran mostefa_ahmedzade@yahoo.com customer reviews Digikala Iran perception of usefulness Retail industry Burton, J., & Khammash, M. (2010). Why do people read reviews posted on consumer-opinion portals?. 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1 - Topic Modeling and Classification of Cyberspace Papers Using Text Mining https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_64635.html 10.22059/jcss.2017.239847.1009 1 The global cyberspace networks provide individuals with platforms to can interact, exchange ideas, share information, provide social support, conduct business, create artistic media, play games, engage in political discussions, and many more. The term cyberspace has become a conventional means to describe anything associated with the Internet and the diverse Internet culture. In fact, cyberspace is an umbrella term that covers all issues occurring through the interaction of information systems and humans over these networks. Deep evaluation of the scientific articles on the cyberspace domain provides concentrated knowledge and insights about major trends of the field. Text mining tools and techniques enable the practitioners and scholars to discover significant trends in a large set of internationally validated papers. 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1 - Behavioral Considerations in Developing Web Information Systems: User-centered Design Agenda https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_64637.html 10.22059/jcss.2017.235653.1005 1 The current paper explores designing a web information retrieval system regarding the searching behavior of users in real and everyday life. Designing an information system that is closely linked to human behavior is equally important for providers and the end users.  From an Information Science point of view, four approaches in designing information retrieval systems were identified as system-centered; user-centered; interactive and cognitive designs. However, there is a lack of research related to possible relationships between information behavior and information systems design to date. Traditionally, designers used human factors but not necessarily human behaviors while designing information systems. Therefore, there are few systems designed by information scientist aiming to regard or support the human information behavior. There are now new techniques and methodologies such as Contextual Design and Participatory Design to fill the gap. Implementing a behavioral approach to designing information systems are of interest and importance in terms of modern information technologies like social software, web 2.0, mobile phones and internet websites. 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